![]() Springer, New YorkĬhurchill SW, Bernstein M (1977) A correlating equation for forced convection from gases and liquids to a circular cylinder in crossflow. Ĭampbell GS, Norman J (2012) An introduction to environmental biophysics. Unpublished report to Director-General of Naval Health Services, Royal Australian Navyīumbaco KA, Dello KD, Bond NA (2013) History of pacific northwest heat waves: synoptic pattern and trends*. Navy Model Electro V motorized psychrometer. J Sci Med Sport 11:20–32īudd GM, Beasley FA, Lincoln GJ, Porter HG (1980) Field evaluation of the Reuter-Stokes Type RSS-211 heat stress monitor and the U.S. Int J Biometeorol 30:43–52īudd GM (2008) Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) - its history and its limitations. ![]() ![]() John Wiley & Sons Inc, New Yorkīrown RD, Gillespie TJ (1986) Estimating outdoor thermal comfort using a cylindrical radiation thermometer and an energy budget model. Sensors 19:5085īrown RD, Gillespie TJ (1995) Microclimate Landscape Design. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New Yorkīrown RD (2019) Correcting the error in measuring radiation received by a person: introducing cylindrical radiometers. John Wiley & Sons, New Yorkīergman TL, Lavine AS, Incropera FP, Dewitt DP (2011) Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer. Theor Appl Climatol 87:223–237īejan A (2013) Convection heat transfer. Clim Res 28:243–256Īli-Toudert F, Mayer H (2007) Thermal comfort in an east–west oriented street canyon in Freiburg (Germany) under hot summer conditions. International Organization for Standardization MAE:Īli-Toudert F, Djenane M, Bensalem R, Mayer H (2005) Outdoor thermal comfort in the old desert city of Beni-Isguen, Algeria. Here, we assess the performance of MRT produced by various heat transfer models, with and without new average surface temperature ( \( \)equation CRT:įourier-transform infrared spectrometer IRM:ģD integral radiation measurement (3D) ISO: Further, under variable weather conditions, many issues can arise due to slow response times, shape, inaccuracies in material properties and assumptions, and color (albedo, emissivity) inconsistencies. However, these sensors have not been systematically tested under long-term hot and clear conditions. Rather than directly measuring radiation, a temperature is measured in the center of these low-cost sensors that can be related to MRT after theoretically accounting for convection. Thermal comfort research has utilized various sensors and models to estimate the mean radiant temperature (MRT) experienced by a human, including the standard black globe thermometer (SGT), acrylic globe thermometers (AGT), and cylindrical radiation thermometers (CRT). ![]()
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